While the patch that addressed overheating issues on the iPhone 15 has only been out about an hour and a half, initial testing shows that there does not appear to be any impact to performance.
iPhone 15 Pro Max Geekbench benchmarks after the iOS 17.0.3 patch applied
Early iPhone 15 hands-on experiences were strange to read, with a clear dichotomy. In those accounts, some phones were getting very hot, and some weren’t. Reliable data on this was obscured somewhat by phones indexing after data transfer or OS update, which just complicated assessment.